Literary Villains: Iago and Krogstad Essay

In â€Å"Othello† and â€Å"A Doll House†, the two plays brought about devastation of two families because of one’s envy and vengeance. The foe in â€Å"Othello† is Iago who filled in as Othello old in the play was against him from the beginning. Iago had a few thought processes in plotting against Othello, since they didn't give him the position of Lieutenant and he didn't support of the marriage among Othello and Desdemona. In â€Å"A Doll House†, Krogstad was a representative of Mr. Helmer and he realized that he would lose his employment. These two characters had thought processes, which brought about them to create plots that were not comparable, however the two of them had a similar life changing result and were fruitful. In the play, â€Å"Othello† Iago gave pieces of information that he would devastate Othello. In Act I, Scene 1, Iago and Rodrigo (a gulled delicate man) were discussing the advancement of Michael Cassio (Othello’s Lieutenant) and he (Iago) ought to have been the one to get the advancement. Iago states â€Å"One Michael Cassio, a Florentine (An individual nearly cursed in a reasonable spouse) that never set a unit in the field, nor the division of a fight knows in excess of an old maid; except if the scholarly theoric, wherein the dressed diplomats can propose as excellent as he†. He implies that Cassio isn't hitched and that he has no understanding of driving soldiers into the combat zone, in light of the fact that Cassio has not gone into war. Iago is envious that he was didn't get that advancement and he his traitorousness towards Othello. Othello were reference as him, Moor (dark) and thick-lips as indicated by the definition in the play it implies â€Å"An Elizabethan appellation for blacks, including Moors†. Iago didn't support of Othello and Desdemona’s elopement. Iago educated Brabantino (Desdemona’s Father) of her daughter’s union with Othello, he states, â€Å"I am one, sir, that comes to reveal to you your girl and the Moor are currently making the brute with two backs†. Iago is likewise an instigator; he needed to get Brabantino irate over his daughter’s marriage. In Act I, Scene II, Brabantino states â€Å"O thou foul criminal, where hast thou stowed my little girl? Doomed as thou craftsmanship, thou hast charmed her! † Everyone was against Othello with the help from Iago. In â€Å"A Doll House† Nils Krogstad realized that his work at the bank was finishing and that Nora’s spouse (Torvald Helmer) is currently accountable for the bank. Nora applied for a new line of credit from Mr. Krogstad without Mr. Helmer (Nora’s spouse) information and he compromises that he will reveal to her significant other about the advance. Mr. Krogstad is additionally mindful that there are manufactured marks on the credit archives. Nora did whatever it takes not to fire Mr. Krogstad, however Mr. Helmer is shocked at his significant other for taking Mr. Krogstad’s side. The discussion among Nora and Helmer brought about him sending Mr. Krogstad’s notice right away. Iago and Krogstad were effective in their arrangements. In â€Å"Othello†, Iago utilized various plans to turn everybody against one another. The first was to turn Othello against Cassio; the second was to cause Othello to accept that Desdemona and Cassio were taking part in an extramarital entanglements and thirdly his arrangement for the demise of Cassio keeping in mind the desire of them killing one another. The result of Iago’s plan was the passing of Rodrigo (who was set up to slaughter Cassio), Othello murdering Desdemona, the demise of Emilia (spouse to Iago and Desdemona’s companion) and the demise of Othello (self destruction). In â€Å"A Doll House†, Ms. Linde (Nora’s companion and ex companion of Krogstad) persuaded Krogstad that they ought to have a place together and he not, at this point needed to coerce Nora. Ms. Linde would persuade Krogstad to take his letter back, yet she concluded that it is best for Nora to be straightforward to her better half. Mr. Helmer read the letter and was irate. He expressed that â€Å"Oh what a terrible arousing! In all these eight years-she who was my unrivaled delight a poser, a liar-more awful, more awful a crook! † Mr. Helmer rethinks when he peruses the expression of remorse letter from Krogstad, yet Nora decreases. The two plays were comparable in the plots to destroy lives, however they don't have a similar result, on the grounds that Krogstad apologized for compromising Nora yet this disclosure opened an entryway for Nora to end her marriage with Mr. Helmer.

Finance Policy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Money Policy - Assignment Example The key arranging chief is qualified for decrease the procurement sum with the goal that the firm Alresford could assume control over Gibson at more benefit and at a cost not exactly the market cost. The firm Alresford intends to assume control over Gibson ltd at a scaled down value, which is not exactly the market estimation of the firm so as to get benefits. c) Determine which of the key arranging manager’s proposals ought to be embraced and indicate the ideal existence of the south division. Prompt Alresford ltd. of the most extreme sum it should now be set up to pay for Gibson. The key arranging manager’s proposal of utilizing the Alresford’s transport instead of the north division’s transport which could spare the vehicle costs by $ 600,000 every year brings about a reserve funds of $ 2,400,000 out of four years. Despite the fact that such a change would expand the substitution cost by $ 1.6 million, yet such a sort of framework will bring about a reserve funds of $ 800,000 which the firm can use for different business rebuilding forms. The arrangement of profit ascription was presented in Australia in 1987 so as to maintain a strategic distance from twofold tax collection regarding the pay of an organization. Before the presentation of the profit ascription in Australia, there was twofold tax assessment on the grounds that the organizations paid expense on their acquiring salary and the investors additionally needed to deliver charge on the profits at a minor duty rate, which gave the administration twofold duty on a solitary company’s income. Here the distinction as for profit installment if the firm Alresford actualized the Australian profit attribution framework couldn't be unmistakably determined as no arrangements regarding installment of profit are given. Consequently, there is no adjustment in computations as for installment of profit if the Australian profit attribution framework is utilized. The arrangement of Dividend Imputation permits the investors of the firm to acquire more

Free Essays on Hamlet And Revenge

Hamlet and Revenge In William Shakespeare’s catastrophe Hamlet, vengeance takes its solid footing on the primary character, Hamlet as he attempts to vindicate his father’s passing. Vengeance is a sort of wild equity which man’s ordinary nature runs toward (ERH). â€Å"The most bearable kind of vengeance is for those wrongs for which a law has not been gone ahead to cure: yet then let a man notice the retribution be such, as there is no law to rebuff: else, a man’s foe is still heretofore, and it is two for one (Bacon).† In all disasters, a wrongdoing is carried out and for different reasons laws and equity can't rebuff the person who perpetrated the wrongdoing. In this way, the person who is the principle character, to be specific Hamlet, proceeds with the vindictive demonstration despite the critical results guaranteed to come. Right off the bat, Hamlet is drawn nearer by the phantom of his expired dad. He discovers that his uncle has killed his dad. His mom is likewise expended in the disaster, in that she remarries to Hamlet’s uncle in a fairly concise timeframe after the King’s demise. The perverted connection between his mom and his uncle additionally adds to Hamlet’s mounting anger. The phantom at that point, is that from which Hamlet’s retribution springs forward. The first in Hamlet’s arrangement of changes is one of uncertainty. He fairly questions the nebulous vision and along these lines, devises an arrangement where to demonstrate whether his uncle is the genuine killer. Hamlet gives a performance, †The Mousetrap† for the new King and Queen. In this play, Hamlet reenacts the manner by which the nebulous vision says he was executed. Amidst the play, the King stands and exits torn by rage. Hamlet no longer needs proofthe King’s agitated heart made the play unendurable; subsequently, Hamlet knew then the source from which his retribution stemmed. When the time of uncertainty had been cruised by, Hamlet at that point entered a state seen by numerous individuals as frenzy. He blustered relentlessly about things which nobody could invoke sense from. T... Free Essays on Hamlet And Revenge Free Essays on Hamlet And Revenge Hamlet and Revenge In William Shakespeare’s catastrophe Hamlet, retribution takes its solid footing on the primary character, Hamlet as he attempts to vindicate his father’s demise. Retribution is a sort of wild equity which man’s commonplace nature runs toward (ERH). â€Å"The most decent kind of retribution is for those wrongs for which a law has not been gone ahead to cure: however then let a man notice the vengeance be such, as there is no law to rebuff: else, a man’s adversary is still in advance, and it is two for one (Bacon).† In all catastrophes, a wrongdoing is perpetrated and for different reasons laws and equity can't rebuff the person who carried out the wrongdoing. In this manner, the person who is the fundamental character, in particular Hamlet, proceeds with the wrathful demonstration notwithstanding the desperate outcomes guaranteed to come. Right off the bat, Hamlet is drawn closer by the apparition of his expired dad. He discovers that his uncle has killed his dad. His mom is likewise expended in the catastrophe, in that she remarries to Hamlet’s uncle in a fairly concise timeframe after the King’s demise. The depraved connection between his mom and his uncle likewise adds to Hamlet’s mounting wrath. The nebulous vision at that point, is that from which Hamlet’s retribution springs forward. The first in Hamlet’s arrangement of changes is one of uncertainty. He to some degree questions the phantom and accordingly, devises an arrangement wherein to demonstrate whether his uncle is the genuine killer. Hamlet gives a performance, †The Mousetrap† for the new King and Queen. In this play, Hamlet reenacts the manner by which the nebulous vision says he was executed. Amidst the play, the King stands and exits torn by rage. Hamlet no longer needs proofthe King’s agitated heart made the play excruciating; along these lines, Hamlet knew then the source from which his retribution stemmed. When the time of uncertainty had been cruised by, Hamlet at that point entered a state seen by numerous individuals as franticness. He blustered perpetually about things which nobody could summon sense from. T...

Enlightenment on the River - Literature Essay Samples

Hundreds of Buddhist monks try to attain Nirvana daily. They all follow the teachings of Gotama Buddha, but most fail to reach their goal and end up being reborn as new creatures. In Hermann Hesse’s book, Siddhartha, a young boy, Siddhartha, rejects the teachings of Gotama Buddha and follows his own path to enlightenment. His location of enlightenment, in a departure from the Buddha’s tree, is a river. In the book, Hesse uses the river as a key catalyst to lead Siddhartha to Nirvana. The river acts as an archetype for timelessness, as a transition between phases of life, and as a teacher. The archetype of timelessness is one of the most obvious motifs that surrounds the river. The river shows timelessness for the first time when Siddhartha notices how it only has an illusion of movement. He sees â€Å"that the water continually flowed and flowed and yet it was always there; it was always the same and yet every moment it was new† (Hesse 83). He realizes that both the river and time move in a questionable fashion. Just as the river seems to be continuously moving but remains in one place, time also seems to be moving but remains in one place. The river shows its archetype of timelessness when Siddhartha is listening to its voices. While Siddhartha listens to the river, he hears the â€Å"song of a thousand voices,† but â€Å"when he did not listen to the sorrow or laughter, when he did not bind his soul to any one particular voice and absorb it in his Self, but heard them all, the whole, the unity; then the great song of a thousand voices consisted of one word: Om — perfection† (111). When Siddhartha focused on one aspect of the river, he did not feel anything. However, when he let all the opposites form together, he found perfection. When all the voices are separate, this phenomenon represents time, since there can only be one voice at a time, but when the voices combine, they exhibit timelessness. This realization of timelessness brings Siddhartha to enlightenment. Towards the end, we see that Siddhartha ingrained the idea of timelessness into himself when Govinda looks at Siddhartha and no longer saw the face of his friend Siddhartha. Instead he saw other faces, many faces, a long series, a continuous stream of faces — hundreds, thousands, which all came and disappeared and yet all seemed to be there at the same time, which all continually changed and renewed themselves and which were yet all Siddhartha† (121). Siddhartha has become so full of timelessness that his past, present, and future all appear on his face at once. He has transcended time. This is one of the main ideas that eventually leads him to enlightenment. Overall, the use of the river to symbolize the archetype of timelessness is a key part of Siddhartha’s enlightenment process, even though he only learns this in his last stage of his life. The river is also very important to Siddhartha’s transition between phases of life, which allows him to have experiences that help lead him to enlightenment. The first phase change is when Siddhartha switches from a life of spirituality to one of sensations. He reflects on the first time he crossed the river, when he â€Å"reached the long river in the wood, the same river across which a ferryman had once taken him when he was a still a young man and had come from Gotama’s town† (71). He was coming from Gotama Buddha’s â€Å"town,† which was a spiritual place, and he was heading off to start a new life in the city, one of physical pleasure. This was his first change in life phases, from spiritual to physical. Later, when he is returning from the city, he reaches the river and contemplates suicide. The river then makes him fall asleep and purifies him with the word Om. When he wakes up from his slumber, â€Å"The past now seemed to him to be covered by a veil, extremely remote, very unimportant. He only knew that his previous lifewas finished† (73). He has awakened as a new person. This is his second change in life phases, from a life of physical pleasure, to a life of spiritual awakening. Both of these phases were necessary for Siddhartha to experience to reach enlightenment. Towards the end he returns to his previous phase in life when he tells Govinda, â€Å"I learned through my body and soul that it was necessary for me to sin, that I needed lust, that I had to strive for property and experience nausea and the depth of despair in order to learn to resist them, in order to learn to love the world, and no longer compare it with some kind of desired imaginary world, some imaginary vision of perfection, but to leave it as it is, to love it and be glad to belong to it† (116). Although in theory his time in the city may have been a waste of time, in reality, he needed the experience to reach enlightenment. And altho ugh he could have experienced the life in the city on his own, if the river had not purified him, he would have committed suicide. The river leads Siddhartha to enlightenment by letting Siddhartha fill himself with sin and then purifying him afterwards. Yet the river’s most important role in the book is its activity as Siddhartha’s teacher, the main reason he reaches enlightenment. After the river purifies Siddhartha, he accepts it as his guide. He recounts that â€Å"It seemed to him as if the river had something special to tell him, something which he did not know, something which still awaited him. Siddhartha had wanted to drown himself in this river; the old, tired, despairing Siddhartha was today drowned in it. The new Siddhartha felt a deep love for this flowing water and decided that he would not leave it again so quickly† (81). With this, he accepts his last teacher, the river. He feels that it has wisdom that it can teach him, something no other teacher was able to do. This is very special since his whole life Siddhartha had avoided teachers. He never felt that they could teach him something new. However, in the end, Siddhartha does learn from the river. â€Å"The river has taught me to listen; you wil l learn from it, too. The river knows everything; one can learn everything from it. You have already learned from the river that it is good to strive downwards, to sink, seek depthsYou have also learned this from the river. You will learn other things, too† (86), Vasudeva tells Siddhartha after he takes him as an apprentice. As the book continues this statement holds true. Siddhartha learns how to listen, wait, and remain taciturn. Altogether, these teachings allow him to reach Nirvana. As Siddhartha is talking to Govinda, Siddhartha tells him, â€Å"There was a man at this ferry who was my predecessor and teacher. He was a holy man who for many years believed in the river and nothing else. He noticed that the river’s voice spoke to him. He learned from it; it educated and taught him. The river seemed like a god to him and for many years he did not know that every wind, every cloud, every bird, every beetle is equally divine and knows and can teach just as well as the esteemed river. But when this holy man went off into the woods, he knew everything; he knew more than you and I, without teachers, without books, just because he believed in the river† (118). Vasudeva believes in the river to the extent that he can learn all the wisdom of life from it. Siddhartha learns how to do this as well, and just as the river helps Vasudeva reach enlightenment, so to it helps Siddhartha reach enlightenment of his own. Siddhartha later says, â€Å"I know I am at one with Gotama† (119), meaning that just as Gotama had reached enlightenment, so to he, Siddhartha, had also reached it. The wisdom the river gives over to Siddhartha is the key to his enlightenment. For Hesses protagonist, the river plays an extremely large role in the quest for enlightenment. The river embodies the archetype of timelessness, the transition between life phases, and the role of a teacher. Altogether, one can learn many lessons from Siddhartha’s story. Perhaps following a very popular belief system may not be the best way to reach enlightenment. It may be best to listen to a river, instead of even the great Gotama Buddha. Works Cited: Hesse, Hermann. Siddhartha. Trans. Hilda Rosner. New York: New Directions, 1951.

The Lord Of The Flies By William Golding - 1857 Words

It is very evident that The Lord of the Flies by William Golding has many allegorical applications to it, so what is the lesson the Golding is trying to teach us? The book is mainly about boys who are stranded on an island in the middle of nowhere, so it would make sense that Golding’s lesson comes from that aspect of the novel. Golding uses a psychological allegory to show that alienation from human civilization cause the human mindset to deteriorate. Mankind tends to take advantage of situations presented before them, although this should lead to positive results, that is not the case, as this kind of thinking leads to deterioration. When first alienated from society, man has many negative feelings, but as man gets over those feelings, it realizes that the alienation is a new way to start afresh since there is nobody stopping him or her from doing anything. In Lord of the Flies, the character Ralph says â€Å"Until the grownups come to fetch us we’ll have fun.† For a child, a way to start afresh is to become one of their childhood heroes, such as superman, which can be done by pretending to be them while playing. Ralph has basically the same idea; he wants to have fun, which to a child would mean playing a game because â€Å"Children’s sole intention was to play.†(Talon), and since the children are very isolated from the rest of society (and the grownups), there is nobody to stop them from doing whatever they want. Although starting fresh may seem like a good thing to many people,Show MoreRelatedLord Of The Flies By William Golding869 Words   |  4 PagesLord of the Flies Psychology Sometimes people wear fake personas like a cloak over their shoulders, used to hide what is really underneath. This harsh reality is witnessed in William Golding’s classic Lord of the Flies, a novel that is famous for not only its sickening plot, but also for the emotional breakdowns all of its characters experience. These issues are akin to those shown in certain real-world psychological experiments. A summary of Golding’s Lord of the Flies, combined with the evidenceRead MoreThe Lord Of The Flies By William Golding1347 Words   |  6 Pages The theme of The Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, is the reason society is flawed is because people are flawed. Although Piggy is knowledgeable, he has many flaws including his laziness and physical inabilities. Ralph is an authority seeker. He sets rules and laws, yet does little to enforce them. Ralph wants to be the ruler, without doing the work to enforce his laws. Jack is persistent. He is rude, harsh and violent in or der to get what he wants. He wants to be supreme. Piggy’s flaws areRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding1123 Words   |  5 PagesIn the novel Lord of The Flies by William Golding, the characters Ralph, Piggy, and Jack represent important World War II leaders Franklin Roosevelt, Adolf Hitler, and Winston Churchill. Golding, who had served in World War II, was well aware of the savagery created, and used it to base his book on. Ralph represents Franklin Roosevelt , Jack represents Adolf Hitler, and Piggy represents Winston Churchill. Ralph being of the novel’s main protagonist is important in the outcome of the story becauseRead MoreThe Lord Of The Flies By William Golding1065 Words   |  5 PagesThe Lord of the Flies Essay The Lord of the Flies written by William Golding and published on September 17, 1954 is a story told about a group of stranded boys and their fight for survival against the wilderness and themselves. In this story many signs of symbolism are used by Golding to point out certain aspects of society that Golding thought strongly of. This story on first read may just seem to be a survival- esque piece of literature but, on a deeper look one can find Golding’s true motiveRead MoreLord of The Flies by William Golding619 Words   |  2 PagesGovernments are no different; they fight for power just like the rest of us do. They just do it on a much bigger scale. Qualities from Oligarchy, Totalitarianism, Democracy, Dictatorship, and Anarchy governments are used in several parts of Lord of The Flies that represent different characters and different situations. An Oligarchy is a small group of people having control of a country or organization. A Totalitarianism government is a form of government that permits no individual freedom and thatRead MoreThe Lord of the Flies by William Golding1306 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Lord of the Flies, William Golding creates a microcosm that appears to be a utopia after he discharged from the British Royal Navy following World War II. After an emergency landing, Golding places a diverse group of boys on the island that soon turns out to be anything but utopia. The island the boys are on turns out to be an allegorical dystopia with inadequate conditions (Bryfonski 22). The boys reject all lessons they learned from their prior British society, and they turn towards theirRead MoreLord of the Flies by William Golding932 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscussing two particular themes from a novel called Lord of the Flies by William Golding. Lord of the Flies was written in 1954 after World War II. Ruler of the Flies is a purposeful anecdote about something that many readers can’t really describe. Individuals cant choose precisely what. Its either about the inalienable underhanded of man, or mental battle, or religion, or personal inclination, or the creators emotions on war; however William Golding was in the Navy throughout World War II, or perhapsRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding1383 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to Lord of the Flies is still a Blueprint for Savagery by Eleanor Learmonth and Jenny Tabakoff, the words â€Å"I’m afraid. Of us† first appeared in Golding’s novel 60 years ago. Lord of the Flies by William Golding follows a group of schoolboys trapped on an island after a plane crash during a world war. At the beginning, they celebrate as the y have total autonomy as there are no adults around. They attempt to establish a civilization but when order collapses, they go on a journey from civilizationRead MoreLord of the Flies, by William Golding1055 Words   |  5 Pages In William Goldings Lord of the Flies a group of English school boys crash land onto an uninhabited island somewhere in the Mid Atlantic ocean. Ralph, the protagonist and also the elected leader, tries to maintain peace and avoid any calamity on the island. However, Jack is neither willing to contribute nor listen because he is jealous of Ralph and has a sickening obsession with killing boars. Ralph has some good traits that help him maintain peace and balance for a period of time. He is charismaticRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding Essay1475 Words   |  6 Pages Outline Introduction Short intro for Lord of the Flies Short intro on Gangs The bullying and group mentality demonstrated in gangs has resemblances to the characters in Lord of the Flies. II. Bullying/Group mentality Gangs Drugs/Loyalty B. Lord of the flies Jack kills the pig/Jack and Ralph fight III. Effects B. Lord of the flies Jack killing the pig aftermath Violence IV. Conclusion Gangs are considered a group of people that have a common link together

Sample Resume Office Of Personnel Management - 1648 Words

My name is Mapuor Pur, a HR manager at Veteran Affairs Office of Personnel Management (VAOPM), and my role is to create, sustain and develop high-performing workforce by leveraging diversity and empowering VA`s employees to achieve superior results in services, leadership and coaching to our Nation and its Veterans at large. The purpose of VA agency as it mission is to build a diverse workforce with inclusive workplace that delivers the best services to our Nation’s Veterans, their families, and beneficiaries. VA`s office of personnel management`s vision is to value professional hiring, develop effective managers as well as inclusive program adheres to the Department’s core values of integrity, commitment, advocacy, respect, and excellence in employees performance (Veteran Affairs, Report, 2012). My responsibilities are to fulfill the diversity and inclusive program’s mission and vision base on VA Office of Personnel management`s goals: a) Build a diverse, high performing workforce that reflects all segments of society. b) Employees` high performance. c) Job-skill-match hiring for new employees as well as first line of leadership. d) Developing first line of managers` skill on effectiveness lead and development. e) Develop strategic plan for VA`s success mission on diversity inclusion and performance. Veteran Affairs is a federal agency with purpose of destiny to provide benefits and services to service members, veterans, and their families in recognition of theirShow MoreRelatedRandstad: Recruitment and the Selection Process2616 Words   |  11 Pagesspecialists put an average of 125,000 people to work each week within the Accounting Finance, Office Administration, Engineering, Healthcare, IT, Legal, Life Sciences, and Manufacturing Logistics industries. (Randstad US, 2012) Recruiting is defined as any activity carried on by an organization with the primary purpose of identifying and attracting potential employees. Our course textbook defines personnel selection as the process through which organizations make decisions about who will or willRead MoreOrganizational Culture At E Groceries1354 Words   |  6 Pagesthat our employees and their families are taken care of Job Analysis President Primary Responsibilities: †¢ Direct staff, including organizational structure, professional development, motivation, performance evaluation, discipline, compensation, personnel policies, and procedures †¢ Encourage business investment †¢ Establish objectives for the organization †¢ Implement guidelines on day-to-day basis along with strategic plan that guides the direction of the organization †¢ Allocate material, human andRead MoreThe Hr Director Of Citigroup2273 Words   |  10 Pagesone to avoid discriminatory practices. Then an outline of an application process that details the organization’s method of accepting all applicants, as well as its method of validating applicants attainment of the required credentials (reviewing resumes, collecting transcripts, verifying certifications, etc.) for the job opportunity. Also a five step procedure for the HR Department to use in order to maintain all applicants records in case a discriminatory charge occurs. I will decide on threeRead MoreCulture6797 Words   |  28 Pagesof business activities of an enterprise. In addition, new vacancies are possible due to job specification. Purpose and importance of Recruitment: * Determine the present and future requirements of the organization on conjunction with its personnel-planning and job analysis activities. * Increase the pool of job candidates at minimum cost. * Help increase the success rate of the selection process by reducing the number of visibly under qualified or overqualified job applicants. 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Call centers are locations that can perform a variety of tasks for a business. According to Wikipedia.com, â€Å"A  call centre  or  call center  is a centralised office used for the purpose of receiving or transmitting a large volume of requests by  telephone. An inbound call centre is operated by a  company  to administer incoming product support or information inquiries from consumers. Outbound call centers are operatedRead MoreEssay on Project: Retention Period1409 Words   |  6 Pagescontaining important information. Document Destruction The Treasurer is responsible for the ongoing process of identifying financial records which have met the required retention period and overseeing their destruction. Destruction of financial and personnel-related documents will be accomplished by shredding. Records containing personal or confidential information must be destroyed by shredding or otherwise permanently removing the information. 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Controlling And Monitoring Of Its Monetary-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Controlling And Monitoring Of Its Monetary? Answer: Introduction The accounting department is a critical part of a business organization that is involved in controlling and monitoring of its monetary resources. The accounting professionals of a business entity need to prepare their financial statements as per the accounting policies and procedures developed by the IASB (International Accounting Standards Board). These financial accounting policies are major principles, rules and procedures that need to be followed by the management of a business entity for developing and presenting its financial statements. The adoption of the IASB developed accounting policies and procedures are essential for a business entity for meeting the different needs and demands of its various stakeholders. The accounting policies and procedures are developed on the basis of various accounting theories such as positive and normative accounting theories (Henderson et al., 2015). In this context, the present report aims to analyze and examine the importance of the accountin g policies and procedures in a business entity through selecting an ASX listed firm, that is, Wesfarmers Ltd. The report evaluates the accounting policies used by a firm and analyze it with the accounting procedures used by its competitor. In addition to this, the report evaluates the quality of accounting policies of the firm by considering the impact of political pressures on standard-setting of accounting bodies. Assessing accounting policies and estimates of Wesfarmers Ltd Wesfarmers Limited is a recognized Australian company that along with its subsidiaries is involved in retailing of chemicals, fertilizers, coal mining, industrial and safety products. The Group composition consists of subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates. As per the annual report of the company, it has effectively adopted and complied with the accounting policies of AASB (Australian Accounting Standards) and the Corporations Act 2001. The Group has mentioned the basics accounting policies adopted for developing its consolidated financial statements as per the AASB standards. The Group has adopted the accounting policies such as principles of consolidation, recognition and measurement policies for fixed assets on cost basis, implementing accounting estimates and judgments as per the GAAP principles. The Group has also disclosed proper policies in relation to risk management programs for minimizing the occurrence of risk hazards. The Board has complied with all the necessary env ironmental policies and legislations through developing a risk management program that has maintained adequate provisions for meeting the associated costs due to violation of any Australian or international environmental regulations. The auditors report has also advocated that the Group has implemented a code of professional conduct that guides its overall business process and procedures. The Group has also provided all the relevant information in relation to its future compliance with new accounting standards such as IFRS 15 and AASB 15 (Wesfarmers: Annual Report, 2016). Assess Accounting Flexibility The accounting policies provide a framework to a business entity for developing its financial accounts such a deprecation, goodwill recognition, inventory valuation and consolidation of financial accounts (Sheridan, 2016). However, the business entities possess the authority to select the accounting methods that proves beneficial for improving their profitability and growth. However, the business entities need to conform to the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and IFRS while the adoption of specific accounting policies during financial reporting. The Wesfarmers Ltd has implemented some flexibility in selection of its accounting framework policies for maintaining its accounts such as deprecation, inventory, goodwill and assets. The management of the Group has exercised some discretion in selection of the accounting policies for valuing its assets, liabilities, leases and goodwill as per the fair value accounting model. However, the board has adopted strict policies and procedure for monitoring and controlling the managers operations so that they dont take undue advantage of their freedom. The management of the group through has the authority to select the accounting policies as per the nature of business operations but the board ensures that the policies adopted are in compliance with the AASB standards and Corporations Act (Wesfarmers: Annual Report, 2016). Accounting policies and estimates used by their ?competitors and comparison of accounting policies and estimates used by the ?firm with one of its rival company The major competitors of Wesfarmers Limited is Woolworths, Billabong, Coles can be regarded to be a major rivals of the Group. The Group is recognized a global leader in retail industry of Australia with its main competitor of Woolworths Limited. The Woolworths Limited is also a retail giant in Australia with its main operations in supermarket, liquor retailing, hotels and pubs and discount department stores. The analysis of the annual report of both Wesfarmers and Woolworths reveals that they have adopted and implemented accounting policies and estimates in accordance with the AASB standards. However, there exist some significant differences between the accounting policies and estimated of Woolworths and Wesfarmers as evident from their notes to the financial statements section. The net carrying value of assets and liabilities are valued at their fair value and incorporates the use of hedge accounting for hedging the risks (Wesfarmers: Annual Report, 2016). On the contrary, Woolworths does not implement the use of hedge accounting for recognizing any gain or loss in the consolidated financial statements. Also, the structure of income statements prepared for both the groups has major differences. The income statement of Wesfarmers have clearly defined the main elements such as income, expense and profit while in case of Woolworths the structure of the statement is not very clear. The Wesfarmers have recorded expenditure in their income statement on the basis of employee benefits and considering the depreciation and amortization. On the other hand, Woolworths have recorded expenses on the basis of administration expenses and not considered the depreciation and amortization. However, both the firms have adopted the changed accounting policies and estimates but the policies implemented are as per the AASB standards and thus are agreeable and acceptable (Hussey and Ong, 2017). Accounting Strategy The analysis of accounting policies and estimates of Wesfarmers with that of industry peers such as Woolworths have indicated that there exists flexibility in the accounting framework of business corporations. The business corporations select the accounting methods as per their nature of operational activities as evident form the difference in accounting policies and estimates adopted by Woolworths and Wesfarmers. However, there is only minor difference between the accounting policies of Wesfarmers as compared to that of its peers such as Woolworths as analyzed from their financial reporting system. Both the Groups have adopted similar accounting methods in preparation of cash flow statement, statement of changes in equity and also adopt the use of fair value accounting model in developing their balance sheet and income statement. Thus, it can be said that Wesfarmers and its peer group select the accounting policies as per their business operations but follow the standard accounting norms directed by AASB. The change in the accounting policies in respect to that of industry norms is explained adequately in the annual report of the Group (Wesfarmers: Annual Report, 2016). As analyzed from the financial report of Wesfarmers Limited, the change in the structure of the accounting transactions is as per the accounting objectives of the group. The Wesfarmers is placing emphasis on enhancing the cash flow by selling its assets while Woolworths is increase its cash flow by enhancing its asset base. Thus, Wesfarmers are incorporating the use of hedge accounting and fair value model for increasing the revenue by selling the asset base. The flexibility in the accounting framework is implemented by the managing directors of the Wesfarmers Limited for improving its profitability position. The Board has introduced short-term and long-term incentives plan for the management depending on the firms financial position. The incentives plan is developed to provide motivation to the management to implement the accounting policies that help in increasing the financial performance of the Group but by complying effectively with all the AASB accounting principles (Mirza and Ankarath, 2012). The Board ensures that flexibility in accounting choices provided to the managing directors is in accordance with the standard accounting rules for restricting the occurrence of any fraudulent activities (Wesfarmers: Annual Report, 2016). Evaluating the Quality of Disclosure The Wesfarmers Limited have strictly implemented and adopted the standard accounting policies and regulations for improving its quality of financial reporting. The Group have disclosed effectively the AASB standards implemented for valuing its financial instruments and also the future compliance with the new AASB standards. The notes to the financial statements section of the annual report have provided all the necessary information about the accounting policies and estimates used by the Group for developing its financial statement by explaining the significance of each. The notes to the financial statements section have sufficiently explained the financial performance of the firm and are in consistence with its current financial position. The accounting policies depicted in the notes and that adopted for preparing the financial statements are same without any differences. There is adequate disclosure in the notes section relating to board composition, remuneration policies, risk man agement policies and policies adopted for promoting the sustainable growth of the Group. Also, there is sufficient information relating to the key judgments and estimates used by the Group relating to recognition and measurement of income, inventories, PPE, goodwill and other accounting information (Wesfarmers: Annual Report, 2016). The GAAP principles has assisted the Group in reflecting its key measures of success such as basis of consolidation, the accounting policy adopted for measuring the foreign currency transactions, goodwill, impairment and other funding activities. These all activities are carried out by the Group as per the AASB and IFRS standards advocated by the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (Mirza and Ankarath, 2012). The notes to the financial statements section of the Group has also disclosed adequate information relating to the functions of its operating segments. The Group has organized and managed separately its operating segments as per the nature of products and services. Each segment if the Group represents a strategic business unit that is involved in providing different products and services as per the external marketplace. The financial performance of each of its operating segments is evaluated on the basis of operating profit or loss while interest income and expenditure is n ot allocated to each of its operating segments that is managed on group basis (Wesfarmers: Annual Report, 2016). Identifying Potential Red Flags The annual reports of the Group over the last two years have indicated that it has strong financial position in the year 2015 and 2016. The financial reporting of the Group has been done as per the basis of historical cost except for some financial instruments that are measured at fair value. This change in the accounting policies of the Group has not been adequately explained by the Group in its financial reports. Thus, there is not appropriate explanation about the change in the accounting adopted by the Group in different set of circumstances. The Group has implemented different method of recording its accounting transactions related to its expenditure in the income statement without its adequate disclosure as compared to the industry norms. The expenses are classified on the basis of employee benefits, depreciation and amortization unlike the normal categorization of administration, operating and interest expenses on the income statement (Pietra, McLeay and Ronen, 2013). Thus, al l these other expenses of the Group are not able to quantify as per the normal expenditures listed across the income statements and thus it is required to provide a proper explanation of such expenses in the notes to accounts section as evident from the screenshot: It is also evident from the financial reports of the Group that it has maintained a huge inventory level and thus leading to decline in its liquidity position. The monetary funds of the Group has been tied up in the accounts receivable and thus resulting in increase in its accounts receivables as comparison to the sales. Also, the Group is increasing its cash flows by selling its assets that can result in enhancing the gap between net income and cash flows. This is due to increase in the cash flows of the Group resulting in accounting profit higher than the taxable income and thus creating a gap between net income and taxable income. However, the annual report of the Group does not indicate any presence of R D partnerships for financing its operations but the group is utilizing the cash received from sale of its assets for carrying its business operations. The Group has also recorded a decrease in its operating cash flow of about 11% as compared to that in the year 2015. This can be regarded as a point of major concern for the Group as it needs to increase its investment in acquiring assets for maintaining its cash inflows. However, there is no evidence of fourth-quarter adjustments or related-party transactions in the annual report of the Group. There is also increase in the asset write-offs of the group in the financial year 2016 as compared to that of the financial year 2015 as depicted in the screenshot below: Compliant with the Conceptual Framework The financial reports of Wesfarmers have been prepared by the management in strict compliance with the AASB and IFRS standards as directed by the accounting standard-setting bodies. The Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC) have directed the corporations listed on ASX to carry out their operational activities as per the AASB accounting rules and conventions. The IFRS have been developed by the IASB (International Accounting Standards Bodies) for promoting harmonization between the financial reporting standards of corporations across the world (Wolk, Dodd and Rozycki, 2012). As such, the Wesfarmers is complying with both the accounting standards as indicated from its financial reports. The notes to the financial statements section of the group has effectively disclosed all the accounting policies adopted in preparation of its consolidated statements as per the mandates of AASB and IASB. The proper accounting disclosures have been mandated by the accounting standard-se tting bodies for improving the transparency in business operations and protecting the interests of all its overall stakeholders. As such, business corporations listed on ASX in Australia are bound to follow the principle of conceptual accounting framework in development of their financial reports. The principles are relevance, reliability, comparability and completeness. These principles are required to be integrated in the financial reporting system of business entities for ensuring the development of quality financial reports that effectively meet the needs of all the end-users (Wesfarmers: Annual Report, 2016). The group has also adopted some flexibility in its accounting framework as per the nature of its business operations as discussed in the above sections of the report. These accounting choices have been made by the group for improving its financial conditions as per its operational activities. However, the Group has maintained its compliance with the standard accounting rules while implementing particular accounting choices and disclosures. The difference in the accounting choices of Wesfarmers and the business corporations in other parts of the world are due to the impact of political factors in the external marketplace (Kenny, 2009). The difference in the disclosure process of the corporations around the world is due to lack of development of a comprehensive conceptual theory of accounting that can result in harmonization of accounting standards. The accounting choices made by the business entities are significantly influenced by the economic conditions present in the external marke t place. The government institutions, professional associations, industry groups and also ASX influences the accounting choices and estimates made by the corporations operating in Australia. The Wesfarmers have adopted fair value rules and changed lease rules as per the economic conditions of the Australia. As such, the changed accounting rules can help the group to get a favorable treatment by the auditors and thus improve their financial performance (Knight, 2004). The FASB and IASB have mandated the firms to adopt the accounting standards that help them to produce economic favorable results. However, the lack of harmonization of accounting policies is creating need for adopting different accounting choices by the firms across the world. Thus, it can be said that accounting rules adopted by a business entity can provide an undue advantage to one party as compared to the other due to the absence of a comprehensive conceptual theory of accounting (Albrecht, 2010). However, ASX have prioritized the need of investors over those of the companies and therefore it is required on the part of Australian companies to adopt the accounting standards that are in accordance with the conceptual accounting framework. This is essential to provide maximum value to the stakeholders including investors and creditors by providing them all the necessary and realistic financial information. As such, it can be stated that Wesfarmers have complied with all the principl es of conceptual accounting framework by providing all the necessary financial information in its annul disclosures (Mirza and Ankarath, 2012). Conclusion It can be inferred from the overall discussion held in the report that Wesfarmers has implemented accounting and financial reporting strategies as per the international accounting standards and policies. The difference in the accounting policies and estimated used by the Group are due to the impact of political pressure present in the external marketplace where it operates. References Albrecht, D. 2010. Economic Consequences and the Political Nature of Accounting Standard Setting. [Online]. Available at: https://profalbrecht.wordpress.com/2010/01/06/economic-consequences-and-the-political-nature-of-accounting-standard-setting/ [Accessed on: 13 September, 2017]. Henderson, S. et al. 2015. Issues in Financial Accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Hoffman, C.W. 2016. Revising the Conceptual Framework of the International Standards: IASB Proposals Met with Support and Skepticism. World Journal of Business and Management 2 (1), pp. 1-32. Hussey, R. and Ong, A. 2017. 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